Inaccurate and misleading information during infectious disease outbreaks have become commonplace, presenting challenges to effective outbreak control, seeding distrust among affected populations in foreign response activities, and eliciting questions among security experts about the true origins of outbreaks. Some false claims may be disproven through sound scientific analysis, suggesting a role for scientists to provide evidence-based, scientifically defensible information to refute such claims. The National Academies are evaluating how to enable long-term engagement of scientists internationally to identify and address claims about biological threats that emerge from or are perpetuated by inaccurate and misleading information.