Previous Chapter: Issue Paper
Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.

References

AAMC. (2006). Compact Between Postdoctral Appointees and Their Mentors. https://www.aamc.org/what-we-do/mission-areas/medical-research/post-doc-compact

AAMC. (2015). Institutional Approaches to Tracking Research Trainee Information. https://store.aamc.org/downloadable/download/sample/sample_id/135/

AAMC. (2017). Compact Between Postdoctoral Appointees and Their Mentors. https://store.aamc.org/downloadable/download/sample/sample_id/96/

AAMC. (2021). Appropriate Treatment of Research Trainees. https://www.aamc.org/media/56841/download

AAMC. (2022). Experiences of Sexual Harassment Among Medical Students and Postdocs at U.S. Medical Schools. https://www.aamc.org/media/62996/download

AAUW. (2018). Broken Ladders: Barriers to Women’s Representation in Nonprofit Leadership. https://www.aauw.org/app/uploads/2020/03/women-in-leadership.pdf

American Chemical Society. (2023). ChemIDP. https://chemidp.acs.org/

Andriamanalina, N., & Voight, C. (2015). The Individual Development Plan for Postdoctral Professional Development. Hosted on USC Website. https://postdocs.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/10/Postdoc-IDP.doc

Bergantiños-Crespo, C., Galán-Diéz, M., Meunier, É., & Patel, T. (2022). Power-Based Harassment Among Postdoctoral Workers at Columbia University. https://columbiapostdocunion.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/CPW-Survey-on-PBH-2022-04-12.pdf

Biswas, A., Kruvelis, M., Ward, E., Stubaus, K., & Herbert, W. A. (2024). Anti-Discrimination Clauses in Higher Education Collective Bargaining Agreements. The National Center for the Study of Collective Bargaining in Higher Education and the Professions, Hunter College, City University of New York. https://webedit2.hunter.cuny.edu/ncscbhep/assets/files/Anti-Discrimination%20Clauses%20in%20Higher%20Education%20Collective%20Bargaining%20Agreements%20Monograph.pdf?preview_mode=true

Bostock v. Clayton County, 590 U.S. 644 (2020).

Boston University. (2020). Provost Mentor Fellows Program. https://webassets.nationalacademies.org/files/PGA-CWSE-19-P-164/repository/year-1/provost-mentor-fellows-program-boston-university.pdf

Bowleg. (2012). The Problem with the Phrase Women and Minorities: Intersectionality—an Important Theoretical Framework for Public Health. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2012.300750

Boyd, L., Hutchison, E., & Tuttle, C. (2023). Preventing and Addressing Retaliation Resulting from Sexual Harassment in Academia. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/27362

(BPA) Berkeley Postdoctoral Association. (2020). Ethical Principles of the Berkeley Postdoctoral Association. University of California Berkeley. https://postdoc.berkeley.edu/topics/diversity-inclusion

CIMER. (2024). Advancing the Science and Practice of Mentorship. https://cimerproject.org/

Clancy, K. B. H., Nelson, R. G., Rutherford, J. N., & Hinde, K. (2014). Survey of Academic Field Experiences (SAFE): Trainees report harassment and assault. PLoS ONE, 9(7), e102172. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102172

Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.

Coalition for Next Generation Life Sciences. (2024). Answering the Call for Transparency. https://nglscoalition.org/

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. (2020). Setting up a Part-time Ombud’s Office (During a Pandemic). Sexual Harassment Collaborative Repository. https://webassets.nationalacademies.org/files/PGA-CWSE-19-P-164/repository/year-1/setting-up-a-part-time-ombuds-office-during-a-pandemic-cold-spring-harbor-laboratory.pdf

Columbia University. (n.d.). PI/Faculty Advisor Worksheet. https://research.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/Columbia%20IDP_Worksheet%20for%20PIs%20and%20Faculty%20Advisers.pdf

Columbia University and Student Workers of Columbia, UAW. (2022). Collective Bargaining Agreement Between Columbia University in the City of New York and Student Workers of Columbia, UAW, and Its Local Union, SWC-UAW Local 2710 August 1, 2021 – June 30, 2025. https://humanresources.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/Documents/SWC_Agreement_6.10.2022.pdf

Computing Research Association. (2025). CIFellows. https://cra.org/ccc/leadership-development/cifellows/

Cortina, L. M., Lonsway, K. A., Magley, V. J., Freeman, L. V., Collinsworth, L. L., Hunter, M., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (2002). What’s gender got to do with it? Incivility in the federal courts. Law & Social Inquiry, 27(2), 235-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2002.tb00804.x

Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), 139-167. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=uclf

CU Anschutz. (2022). Outreach and Advocacy. The Regents of the University of Colorado. https://www.cuanschutz.edu/services/postdoc-association/outreach-advocacy

Dartmouth University. (2024). Postdoc Buddy Program. https://sites.dartmouth.edu/dpa/about-us/postdoc-buddy-program/

Davis, G. (2005a). Optimizing the Postdoctoral Experience: An Empirical Approach (Working Paper). Research Triangle Park, NC: Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society.

Davis, G. (2005b). Doctors without orders: Highlights of the Sigma Xi postdoc survey. American Scientist, 93(3), S1-S1. https://www.sigmaxi.org/docs/default-source/Publications-Documents/postdoc-survey-highlights.pdf

Doreste, R. (2023). “Academia is in Crisis, and It’s Time for a Change”: Interview with a Mount Sinai Hospital Postdoc. https://www.leftvoice.org/academia-is-in-crisis-and-its-time-for-a-change-interview-with-a-mount-sinai-hospital-postdoc/

Duke University. (2011). Office of Postdoctoral Services (OPS). Duke Research & Innovation. https://research.duke.edu/postdoc/

Duke University. (2021a). Reporting Process. Office for Institutional Equity (OIE). https://oie.duke.edu/how-we-work/reporting-process/

Duke University. (2021b). Reporting Harassment, Discrimination, and Other Concerns: An Interactive Guide for Duke Postdocs. Duke Research & Innovation. https://research.duke.edu/reporting-harassment-discrimination-and-other-concerns-interactive-guide-duke-postdocs/

Duke University. (2023). The Individual Development Plan (IDP). https://research.duke.edu/resource/individual-development-plan-idp/

Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.

Duke University. (2024). Emotional Support and Well-Being Resources for Postdocs. https://research.duke.edu/resource/emotional-support-and-well-being-resources-postdocs/

Duke University. (n.d.). Sample Career Development Plan. https://duke.app.box.com/s/jy27wwu0bk1q2fmrc7eh3au1z9ppd108

(DUPA) Duke University Postdoctoral Association. (2022). About Us. Duke University. https://dukepostdocs.org/about-us/

Dupey, P., Maples, M. F., & Oaks, K. (2006). Multiple pathways to enhancing retention and success of students of color. Vistas Online, 3, 89-93.

EEOC. (2019). Chart of Risk Factors for Harassment and Responsive Strategies. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. https://www.eeoc.gov/chart-risk-factors-harassment-and-responsive-strategies

Ferguson, K., Amlani, B., & Kimbis, T. P. (2023). Pressing Forward in Supporting Postdocs: National Postdoctoral Association Institutional Policy Report. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.nationalpostdoc.org/resource/resmgr/docs/2023_NPA_Instit_Policy_Repor.pdf

Ferguson, K., Chen, L., & Costello, T. (2021). Growing Progress in Supporting Postdocs: National Postdoctoral Association Institutional Policy Report. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.nationalpostdoc.org/resource/resmgr/docs/2021_npa_policy_report.pdf

Fleming, N. (2022a). Bullied abroad: How foreign researchers can fight back. Nature, 609(7926), 425-427. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-02155-3

Fleming, N. (2022b). Underpaid and overworked: Researchers abroad fall prey to bullying. Nature, 608(7922), 437-439. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-02142-8

Florida State University. (n.d.) FSU PDA. https://opda.fsu.edu/fsu-pda

Fuhrmann, C. N., Hobin, J. A., Lindstaedt, B., & Clifford, P.S. (2024). myIDP. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). https://myidp.sciencecareers.org/

Gewin, V. (2023). Postdoctoral researchers warn NIH that cost-of-living pressures are gutting the workforce. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-02202-7

Gordon, J., Davies, C., Arbeit, C., & Yamaner, M. I. (2023). 2021 Graduate Enrollment in Science, Engineering, and Health Fields at All-Time High as Postdocs Continue to Decline. NSF 23-311. Alexandria, VA: National Science Foundation. https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf23311.

Graduate Career Consortium. (2024). ImaginePhD. https://www.imaginephd.com/

Harvard University. (2022). FAS Postdoctoral Fellows’ Handbook. https://facultyresources.fas.harvard.edu/sites/g/files/omnuum1751/files/facultyresources/files/fas_postdoc_handbook_final_updated_oct_2022.pdf

Henretta, J. C., Grundy, E., & Harris, S. (2001). Socioeconomic differences in having living parents and children: A US-British comparison of middle-aged women. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 852–867. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00852.x

Higgins, M. C., & Thomas, D. A. (2001). Constellations and careers: Toward understanding the effects of multiple developmental relationships. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(3), 223-247. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.66

Howard, C. (2019). It’s Time for an Ombuds: Empowering People & Institutions to Reach Their Full Potential, International Ombudsman Association. https://www.ombudsassociation.org/assets/docs/docs_2019/IOA_Scientific_Poster_NASEM_Action_Collaborative_Summit_2019-11-19.pdf

Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. (2017). Postdoc Handbook. https://icahn.mssm.edu/files/ISMMS/Assets/Education/Post%20Doc/PostdocHandbook.pdf

Ilies, R., Hauserman, N., Schwochau, S., & Stibal, J. (2003). Reported incidence rates of work-related sexual harassment in the United States: Using meta-analysis to explain reported rate disparities. Personnel Psychology, 56(3), 607-631. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00752.x

International Ombudsman Association. (2019a). Resources for Higher Education Institutions. https://www.ombudsassociation.org/ombuds-toolkit

International Ombudsman Association. (2019b). What Is an Organizational Ombuds? https://www.ombudsassociation.org/what-is-an-ombuds-

International Ombudsman Association. (2020). Project 1: Ombuds Tookit. Sexual Harassment Collaborative Repository. https://webassets.nationalacademies.org/files/PGA-CWSE-19-P-164/repository/year-1/ombuds-tookit-international-ombudsman-association.pdf

Jacobovitz, G. (2018). Under the veil: The silence surrounding sexual harassment in labs at Columbia. Columbia Spectator. https://www.columbiaspectator.com/eye-lead/2018/04/20/under-the-veil-the-silence-surrounding-sexual-harassment-in-labs-at-columbia/

Johns Hopkins University. (2024a). Coalition for Next Generation Life Science. Office of the Provost. https://provost.jhu.edu/education/graduate-and-professional-education/cngls/

Johns Hopkins University. (2024b). Life Science PhD Program Statistics for CNGLS. Office of the Provost. https://provost.jhu.edu/education/graduate-and-professional-education/cngls/cngls-interactive/

Johnson, W. B. (2007). Transformational supervision: When supervisors mentor. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(3), 259–267. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.38.3.259

Kingsbury, O. (2023). What to do if you’re laid off on a work visa. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2023/03/what-to-do-if-youre-laid-off-on-a-work-visa

Kirkham, S., & Chapa, A. (2023). Postdoc Union ratifies new contract, narrowly avoiding a strike. Columbia Spectator. https://www.columbiaspectator.com/news/2023/11/01/postdoc-union-ratifies-new-contract-narrowly-avoiding-a-strike/

Kleinman, D. L., & Thomas, J. M. (2023). Preventing Sexual Harassment and Reducing Harm by Addressing Abuses of Power in Higher Education Institutions. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. https://doi.org/10.17226/26631

Kuhn, J-U., Arain, N., Bell, J., Davis, B., Kaiser, H., Madden, D., Prepetit, G., & Williamsen, K. (2023). Strategies for Developing, Implementing, and Sustaining Sexual Harassment Bystander Intervention Programs for Faculty, Staff, and Graduate Students. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/27266

Lam, M., Falcon, A., & Merhill, N. (2023). Approaches to the Evaluation of Sexual Harassment Prevention and Response Efforts. https://doi.org/10.17226/27267

Lampon, S., Taylor, J., Woollett, G., & Renken, S. (2023). Nature Postdocs Survey 2023, Shift Insight LTD. https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Nature_Post-Doctoral_Survey_2023/24236875?file=42546784

Langin, K. (2023a). As student and postdoc unions proliferate, academia is scrambling to adapt. Science. https://www.science.org/content/article/student-and-postdoc-unions-proliferate-academia-scrambling-adapt

Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.

Langin, K. (2023b). Postdocs and staff researchers end strike at the University of Washington. Science. https://www.science.org/content/article/postdocs-and-staff-researchers-end-strike-university-washington

Lauer, M. (2023). Number of Postdoctoral Researchers Supported by NIH Grant Awards FY 2017-FY 2022. Extramural NEXUS. https://nexus.od.nih.gov/all/2023/03/02/number-of-postdoctoral-researchers-supported-by-nih-grant-awards-fy-2017-fy-2022/

Lautenberger, D. M., Dandar, V. M., & You, Z. (2022). Understanding and Addressing Sexual Harassment in Academic Medicine. Association of American Medical Colleges. https://store.aamc.org/downloadable/download/sample/sample_id/524/

Lehigh University. (2025). Advancing Future Faculty Diversity Postdoctoral Program. https://advance.lehigh.edu/advancing-future-faculty-diversity-postdoctoral-program

Lim, S., & Cortina, L. M. (2005). Interpersonal mistreatment in the workplace: The interface and impact of general incivility and sexual harassment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(3), 483-496. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.3.483

Martinez, E. D., Botos, J., Dohoney, K. M., Geiman, T. M., Kolla, S. S., Olivera, A., Qiu, Y., Rayasam, G. V., Stavreva, D. A., & Cohen-Fix, O. (2007). Falling off the academic bandwagon. EMBO Reports, 8(11), 977-981. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7401110

McConnell, S. C., Westerman, E. L., Pierre, J. F., Heckler, E. J., & Schwartz, N. B. (2018). United States National Postdoc Survey results and the interaction of gender, career choice and mentor impact. eLife, 7. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.40189

Mendez, S., Watson, K., & Tygret, J. (2023). The Challenge of Postdoc’ing in the US: Perspectives from International Engineering Postdoctoral Scholars. https://doi.org/10.21427/N8XH-V956

Merhill, N. M., Bonner, K. A., & Baker, A. L. (Eds.). (2021). Guidance for Measuring Sexual Harassment Prevalence Using Campus Climate Surveys. Washington, DC: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. https://doi.org/10.17226/26346

MIT. (n.d.). PDA Buddy Program. https://pda.mit.edu/pda-buddy-program/

MIT. (2021). Guaranteed Transitional Support Program. Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education. https://webassets.nationalacademies.org/files/PGA-CWSE-19-P-164/repository/year-2/mit-guaranteed-transitional-support-program.pdf

MIT. (2022). Draft Strategic Plan for Graduate Advising and Mentoring at MIT. Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education. https://webassets.nationalacademies.org/files/PGA-CWSE-19-P-164/repository/year-3/mit-draft-strategic-plan-for-graduate-advising-and-mentoring-at-mit.pdf

MIT. (2023a). 5.3 Academic Research Staff Appointments. https://policies.mit.edu/policies-procedures/50-research-appointments/53-academic-research-staff-appointments#5.3.2

MIT. (2023b). Guaranteed Transitional Support Program – Phase 2. Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education. https://www.nationalacademies.org/documents/embed/link/LF2255DA3DD1C41C0A42D3BEF0989ACAECE3053A6A9B/file/D797897F6A4783679D8DDC0D3615CA7C1F093FD57972?noSaveAs=1

MIT. (2024). MIT Sexual Harassment and Misconduct Survey for Faculty and Employees. https://www.nationalacademies.org/documents/embed/link/LF2255DA3DD1C41C0A42D3BEF0989ACAECE3053A6A9B/file/D6E239A16F6D6A7081057ADE0DEE1E364DA397674113?noSaveAs=1

Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.

Montgomery, B. L. (2017). Mapping a mentoring roadmap and developing a supportive network for strategic career advancement. SAGE Open, 7(2), 215824401771028. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017710288

Moss, S. E., & Mahmoudi, M. (2021). STEM the bullying: An empirical investigation of abusive supervision in academic science. EClinicalMedicine, 40, 101121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101121

Murry, W. D., Sivasubramaniam, N., & Jacques, P. H. (2001). Supervisory support, social exchange relationships, and sexual harassment consequences: A test of competing models. The Leadership Quarterly. 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(01)00062-5

(NASEM) National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2007). Beyond Bias and Barriers: Fulfilling the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/11741.

NASEM. (2014). The Postdoctoral Experience Revisited. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/doi:10.17226/18982

NASEM. (2018a). The Next Generation of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences Researchers. https://doi.org/10.17226/25008

NASEM. (2018b). Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/doi:10.17226/24994

NASEM. (2019). The Science of Effective Mentorship in STEMM. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/doi:10.17226/25568

NASEM. (2024). Supporting Family Caregivers in STEMM: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/27416.

Nash, M. (2021). National Antarctic Program responses to fieldwork sexual harassment. Antarctic Science, 33(5), 560-571. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102021000432

National Gallery of Art. (2024). Postdoctoral Fellowships. https://www.nga.gov/research/casva/fellowships/postdoctoral-fellowships.html

Nature. (2023). Nature’s 2023 Postdoc Survey. https://partnerships.nature.com/blog/nature-2023-postdoc-survey/

(NCES) National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.). College Navigator. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/

NCES. (2024). Race/ethnicity of college faculty. Figure 3. Percentage distribution of full-time faculty at degree-granting postsecondary institutions. U.S. Department of Education. https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=61

(NCSES) National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. (2016). Table 46. Institutions ranked by total number of postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health, by field: 2016. National Science Foundation. https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/gradpostdoc/2016/html/GSS2016_DST_46.html

NCSES. (2021). Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering (GSS). National Science Foundation. https://ncses.nsf.gov/surveys/graduate-students-postdoctorates-s-e/2021#data

NIGMS. (2021). National Institute of General Medical Sciences 5-Year Strategic Plan: 2021-2025. https://www.nigms.nih.gov/sites/nigms/files/migrated/NIGMS-strategic-plan-2021-2025.pdf

(NIH) National Institutes of Health (2012). Biomedical Research Workforce Working Group Report. https://acd.od.nih.gov/documents/reports/Biomedical_research_wgreport.pdf

Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.

NIH. (2014a). Physician-Scientist Workforce Working Group Report. https://acd.od.nih.gov/documents/reports/PSW_Report_ACD_06042014.pdf

NIH. (2014b). Revised Policy: Descriptions on the Use of Individual Development Plans (IDPs) for Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Researchers Required in Annual Progress Reports. https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-14-113.html

NIH. (2021a). A Guide to Training and Mentoring in the Intramural Research Program at NIH. https://oir.nih.gov/system/files/media/file/2021-08/guide-training_and_mentoring-10-08.pdf

NIH. (2021b). 1311 - Preventing and Addressing Harassment and Inappropriate Conduct. Office of Management Assessment. https://policymanual.nih.gov/1311#930d6c44

NIH. (2021c). Handbook. https://www.training.nih.gov/documents/8/Advanced_Trainee_Handbook.pdf

NIH. (2022a). ACD Working Group on Re-envisioning NIH-Supported Postdoctoral Training. https://acd.od.nih.gov/working-groups/postdocs.html

NIH. (2022b). Expectations, Policies, and Requirements. https://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/harassment/policy-requirement.htm

NIH. (2023a). NIH Advisory Committee to the Director (ACD) Working Group on Re-Envisioning NIH-Supported Postdoctoral Training. https://www.acd.od.nih.gov/documents/presentations/12152023_Postdoc_Working_Group_Report.pdf

NIH. (2023b). NIH Advisory Committee to the Director Working Group on Re-envisioning NIH-Supported Postdoctoral Training 2023 Virtual Public Listening Sessions. https://acd.od.nih.gov/documents/IMOD_Postdoc_Listening_Sessions_summary.pdf

NIH. (2024). NRSA Individual Postdoctoral Fellowships (F32) Program Description and Guidelines. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.nigms.nih.gov/training/indivpostdoc/Pages/PostdocFellowshipDescription.aspx

NIH. (2025). Research Supplements to Promote Reentry and Reintegration into Health Related Research Careers. Office of Research on Women’s Health. https://orwh.od.nih.gov/career-development-education/research-supplements-promote-reentry-and-reintegration-health-related#orwh-survey-panel.

North Carolina State University. (2013). Individual Development Plan for Postdoctoral Scholars. https://research.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/PostdocIndividualDevelopmentPlan.pdf

(NPA) National Postdoctoral Association. (n.d.a). NIH Postdoc Training Stipends & Salary. https://www.nationalpostdoc.org/page/Stipends

NPA. (n.d.b). NPA Pilot Recognition Program: Case Studies. https://www.nationalpostdoc.org/page/RecProgram_#section9

NPA. (2019). Postdoctoral Association Toolkit. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.nationalpostdoc.org/resource/resmgr/2019_launch/resources/pdatk/pda_toolkit_2019.pdf

NPA. (2022a). Guide to Using an IDP: IDP and ME. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.nationalpostdoc.org/resource/resmgr/docs/2022_revisions/guide_to_using_an_idp.pdf

NPA. (2022b). NPA Recommended Policies and Practices. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.nationalpostdoc.org/resource/resmgr/docs/2022_revisions/npa_recommended_policies_and.pdf

NPA. (2023). Postdoctoral Barriers to Success (National Postdoctoral Association). https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.nationalpostdoc.org/resource/resmgr/docs/2023_Postdoctoral_Barriers_t.pdf

Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.

NPA. (2024). National Postdoctoral Association Recommended Postdoctoral Policies and Practices. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.nationalpostdoc.org/resource/resmgr/docs/2024_RPPP.pdf

(NRMN) National Research Mentoring Network. (2017). NRMN Announces Culturally Aware Mentorship (CAM) Training. NRMN. https://nrmnet.net/blog/administrator/2017/04/23/nrmn-announces-culturally-aware-mentorship-cam-training-module/

(NSF) National Science Foundation. (2011). Chapter II - Proposal Preparation Instructions: Special Information and Supplementary Documentation. https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/policydocs/pappguide/nsf11001/gpg_2.jsp#IIC2j

NSF. (2021). Funding for Postdoctoral Researchers. https://new.nsf.gov/funding/postdocs

NSF, OPP, & USAP. (2022). Sexual Assault/Harassment Prevention and Response (SAHPR) Final Report. https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/documents/USAP%20SAHPR%20Report.pdf

NYU Grossman School of Medicine. (2022). Postdoctoral Affairs Program Handbook. https://med.nyu.edu/research/postdoctoral-affairs/sites/default/files/postdoc-handbook.pdf

O’Callaghan, E., Shepp, V., Kirkner, A., & Lorenz, K. (2021). Sexual harassment in the academy: Harnessing the growing labor movement in higher education to address sexual harassment against graduate workers. Violence Against Women, 107780122110357. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012211035793

ORISE. (n.d.). What Is a Postdoc?. https://orise.orau.gov/internships-fellowships/blog/what-is-a-postdoc.html

Pfund, C., House, S., Asquith, P., Spencer, K., Silet, K., & Sorkness, C. (2012). Mentor Training for Clinical and Translational Researchers. W.H. Freeman and Company. https://health.usf.edu/medicine/mdprogram/rise/scholars-resources/~/media/FBB05459BD6B4396BB76725C85BAFF9E.ashx

Pfund, C., Branchaw, J., & Handelsman, J. (2015). Entering Mentoring. W.H. Freeman and Company. https://store.macmillanlearning.com/us/product/Entering-Mentoring/p/1464184909

Pierret, C. R. (2006). The sandwich generation: Women caring for parents and children. Monthly Labor Review, 129, 3.

The Pregnant Scholar. (2016). What Laws Protect Postdocs? The Center for WorkLife Law, UC College of the Law, San Francisco. https://thepregnantscholar.org/what-laws-protect-postdocs/

Purdue University. (2024). Buddy System. https://www.purdue.edu/academics/ogsps/ppda/new/buddy.html

Quinn, R. (2023). Icahn School of Medicine Postdoctoral Researchers Strike. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2023/12/07/icahn-school-medicine-postdoctoral-researchers-strike

Richards and Jurusik. (2024). Grace Periods for H1B Visa Holders: What You Need to Know. https://rjimmigrationlaw.com/resources/i-was-laid-off-or-fired-while-on-an-h1b-visa-now-what/#:~:text=H1B%20Visas%20are%20employer%2Dspecific,or%20apply%20for%20an%20extension.

Rida, P., Karalis Noel, T., & Miles, M. L. (2023). STEM postdoc mentoring: a social exchange theory-based conceptual framework. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 31(2), 208-227. https://doi.org/10.1080/13611267.2023.2178708

Rodriguez, O. N., Arbeit, C., & Falkenheim, J. (2021). Defining Postdocs in the Survey of Graduate Students and Postdocs (GSS): Institution Responses to the Postdoc Definitional Questions in the GSS 2010–16. (NSF 21-327). Alexandria, VA: National Science Foundation. https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf21327

Roscigno, V. J. (2019). Discrimination, sexual harassment, and the impact of workplace power. Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 5, 237802311985389. https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023119853894

Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.

Rutgers University. (2022a). Office of Postdoctoral Advancement. University Academic Affairs. https://academicaffairs.rutgers.edu/office-postdoctoral-advancement

Rutgers University. (2022b). About the Office of Postdoctoral Advancement. University Academic Affairs. https://academicaffairs.rutgers.edu/postdoctoral-advancement-team

Rutgers University. (2024). Academic and Workplace Behaviors and Environment Survey (AWBES). https://sites.rutgers.edu/your-voice-our-rutgers/academic-and-workplace-behaviors-and-environment-survey/

Rutgers University. (2025). Presidential Postdoctoral Fellows Program. https://academicaffairs.rutgers.edu/postdoctoral-fellows

Sambunjak, D., Straus, S. E., & Marusic, A. (2010). A systematic review of qualitative research on the meaning and characteristics of mentoring in academic medicine. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25, 72–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-009-1165-8

Sekreta, E. (2006). Sexual harassment, misconduct, and the atmosphere of the laboratory: The legal and professional challenges faced by women physical science researchers at educational institutions. Duke Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 13, 115. https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/djglp/vol13/iss1/6

Sharma, S. (2017). A Look at the Attrition of Women in STEM. Cambridge University Science and Policy Exchange. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.25637

Sithole, A., Chiyaka, E. T., McCarthy, P., Davison, M. M., Bucklein, B. K., & Kibirige, J. (2017). Student attraction, persistence, and retention in STEM programs: Successes and continuing challenges. Higher Education Studies. Studies, 7(1), 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v7n1p46

Sleeth, K. M. (2017). Results from Sexual Harassment Survey 2017, National Postdoc Association. https://www.nationalacademies.org/documents/embed/link/LF2255DA3DD1C41C0A42D3BEF0989ACAECE3053A6A9B/file/D43B36D8ECD01281E769875D6E721202845B44B91552?noSaveAs=1

Stanford University. (n.d.a). Postdoctoral Scholar Groups & Associations. https://postdocs.stanford.edu/postdocgroups

Stanford University. (n.d.b). Individual Development Plan. https://postdocs.stanford.edu/files/opa_idp-initial_0.pdf

Stanford University. (n.d.c). IDP Management System. https://postdocs-idp.stanford.edu/

Stanford University. (2024). Office of Postdoctoral Affairs. https://postdocs.stanford.edu/

Stark, S., Chernyshenko, O. S., Lancaster, A. R., Drasgow, F., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (2002). Toward standardized measurement of sexual harassment: Shortening the SEQ-DoD using item response theory. Military Psychology, 14(1), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327876MP1401_03

Stubaus, K., & Harton, M. (2022). Exploring Sanctions and Early Interventions for Faculty Sexual Harassment in Higher Education. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17226/26646

Suh, J. (2016). Measuring the “sandwich”: Care for children and adults in the American Time Use Survey 2003–2012. Journal of Family and Eonomic Issues, 37, 197-211. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4883270/pdf/10834_2016_Article_9483.pdf

SURPAS. (2022). About Us. https://surpas.stanford.edu/about/

Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.

Sutton, T. E., Culatta, E., Boyle, K. M., & Turner, J. L. (2021). Individual vulnerability and organizational context as risks for sexual harassment among female graduate students. Social Currents, 8(3), 229-248. https://doi.org/10.1177/23294965211001394

Terry, E. (2020). Nature Post-Doctoral Survey. https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Nature_Post-Doctoral_Survey/13207424?file=25435187

Texas A&M. (2022). Postdoctoral Handbook. Office of Postdoctoral Affairs. https://vpr.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/PostDocHandBook.pdf

Trager, R. (2023). Strikes spread across US as postdocs and other researchers fight for better pay and conditions. Chemistry World. https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/strikes-spread-across-us-as-postdocs-and-other-researchers-fight-for-better-pay-and-conditions/4017751.article

Tufts Univeristy. (2014). Postdoctoral Handbook. https://access.tufts.edu/sites/default/files/documents/hr/ODT_PostdocHandbook.pdf

UAW 4811. (2024). We are Officially One Big Union — UAW 4811! https://uaw5810.org/2024/03/01/we-are-officially-one-big-union-uaw-4811/

UC Riverside. (2022). Guidance on Mentorship and Supervision of Postdocs. https://academicpersonnel.ucr.edu/sites/default/files/2022-09/guidance-on-postdoc-mentorship_0.pdf

UCLA Bioscience Postdoctoral Affairs. (2022). Research Trainee Mistreatment. University of California, Los Angeles. https://www.biomedpostdoc.ucla.edu/research-trainee-mistreatment/

UCSF. (2024a). Office for Postdoctoral Scholars. The Regents of the University of California. https://postdocs.ucsf.edu/

UCSF. (2024b). Orientations to UCSF for New or Continuing Postdocs. https://postdocs.ucsf.edu/new-postdoc-orientation

(UMBC) University of Maryland Baltimore County. (2023). Office of Postdoctoral Affairs. https://postdoctoralaffairs.umbc.edu/

UNC. (2024). Getting Started as a Postdoc. https://research.unc.edu/postdocs/current/new/

UNC PDA. (2022). UNC Postdoc Association. Office of Postdoctoral Affairs. https://research.unc.edu/pda/

UNC PDA. (2024). Research Café (Postdoc Community Engagement Series). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. https://research.unc.edu/pda/events/

University of Arizona. (2025a). Welcome to CIRTL! https://academicaffairs.arizona.edu/about-cirtl

University of Arizona. (2025b). Postdoc Pathways Program. https://academicaffairs.arizona.edu/cirtl/postdoc-pathway

University of California and the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW). (2024). Collective Agreement between the University of California and UAW for Postdoctoral Scholars (PX) December 9, 2022 – September 30, 2027. https://ucnet.universityofcalifornia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/PX-2022-2027-COMPLETE-CONTRACT-2.pdf

University of California, Berkeley. (2024a). Ombuds Office for Students & Postdoctoral Appointees. Division of Student Affairs. https://studentaffairs.berkeley.edu/ombuds-office-for-students-postdoctoral-appointees/

University of California, Berkeley. (2024b). Berkeley Postdoctoral Association (BPA). https://postdoc.berkeley.edu/

Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.

University of California, Irvine. (2022). Field Safety 201: Preventing and Managing Discrimination, Sexual Harassment, and Sexual Violence in the Field. Sexual Harassment Collaborative Repository. https://webassets.nationalacademies.org/files/PGA-CWSE-19-P-164/repository/year-3/university-of-california-irvine-field-safety-201.pdf

University of California, Santa Cruz. (2020). A Guide on Best Practices for Graduate Students Impacted by SVSH. Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education. https://webassets.nationalacademies.org/files/PGA-CWSE-19-P-164/repository/year-1/a-guide-on-best-practices-for-graduate-students-impacted-by-svsh-university-of-california-santa-cruz.pdf

University of California, Santa Cruz. (2024a). How Does the Ombuds Serve the UCSC Campus? Office of the Ombuds. https://ombuds.ucsc.edu/index.html

University of California, Santa Cruz. (2024b). Discrimination, Harassment, and Retaliation. Office of the Ombuds. https://ombuds.ucsc.edu/resources/staff/odei.html

University of California, Santa Cruz. (2024c). Sexual Harassment and Sexual Violence. Office of the Ombuds. https://ombuds.ucsc.edu/resources/staff/title-ix.html

University of Chicago. (n.d.). Prevention Education Offerings and Resources. https://cares.uchicago.edu/prevention-education-and-training/offerings-and-resources/#2.2.1.1

University of Chicago. (2023). Creation of a Workshop/Training Tool Targeting Principal Investigators in Lab Settings. https://www.nationalacademies.org/documents/embed/link/LF2255DA3DD1C41C0A42D3BEF0989ACAECE3053A6A9B/file/D33B263DF7BA6E7689EF2ACFB0581F0B3B2AC15D76FF?noSaveAs=1

University of Colorado Boulder. (2025a). Peer Mentoring Program. https://www.colorado.edu/postdoctoralaffairs/current-postdocs/peer-mentoring-program#postdoctoralaffairs/current-postdocs/peer-mentoring-program/mentor-training-materials

University of Colorado Boulder. (2025b). Mentor Training Materials. https://www.colorado.edu/postdoctoralaffairs/current-postdocs/peer-mentoring-program/mentor-training-materials

University of Columbia and the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW). (2023). Collective Bargaining Agreement between the Columbia University in the City of New York and UAW Columbia Postdoctoral Workers-UAW LOCAL 4100 July 1, 2023 – June 30, 2026. https://columbiapostdocunion.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Postdoctoral-Workers-CBA-UAW-Local-4100-2023-2026-BOOKMARKS.pdf

University of Massachusetts, Amherst. (2020). Faculty Mentoring. https://webassets.nationalacademies.org/files/PGA-CWSE-19-P-164/repository/year-1/faculty-mentoring-university-of-massachusetts-amherst.pdf

University of Minnesota. (2022). Postdoctoral Handbook. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nNnhBuCx6e9UJA-se2rCUl-X1xEmHXN5/view

University of Pennsylvania. (2025). Overview of Resources at Penn to Support Conflict Management and Resolution. https://postdocs.upenn.edu/resource/overview-of-resources-at-penn-to-support-conflict-management-and-resolution/

University of Pittsburgh. (n.d.). University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences Career Development and Progress Assessment Process: Faculty Checklist. https://www.oacd.health.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/faculty_checklist_career_development_process.pdf

Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.

University of Pittsburgh. (2025a). Postdoc Guidelines: Step 2. Office of Academic Career Development, Health Sciences. https://www.oacd.health.pitt.edu/postdoc-guidelines-step-2

University of Pittsburgh. (2025b). Faculty Guidelines: Step 2. Office of Academic Career Development, Health Sciences. https://www.oacd.health.pitt.edu/faculty-guidelines-step-2

University of Pittsburgh Postdoctoral Association. (2024). Advocacy Committee. University of Pittsburgh. https://www.uppda.pitt.edu/committees/advocacy

University of Rochester. (2024). Policy Against Discrimination, Harassment, and Discriminatory Employment/Service Practices. https://www.rochester.edu/policies/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/policy-against-discrimination-harassment-and-discriminatory-employmentservice-practices.pdf

University of Rochester Medical Center. (2024). Postdoc Snapshot 2021. https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/education/post-doctoral/statistics-and-facts/2021

University of Southern California. (2015). IDP for USC Postdoctoral Scholars in the Social Sciences. https://postdocs.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/10/Social-sciences.pdf

University of Southern California. (2024). Policies Covering Postdoctoral Scholars. https://postdocs.usc.edu/scholars/policies/

University of Utah. (2025). New Postdoc Checklist. https://postdocs.utah.edu/current-postdocs/new-checklist.php

University of Washington. (2024). Equity Survey Report: 2023. https://uw-s3-cdn.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/168/2024/11/19132917/2022-23-Equity-Survey-1.pdf

University of Washington. (2025a). EPIC Annual Reports. https://www.washington.edu/safecampus/epic-program/reports/

University of Washington. (2025b). EPIC. https://www.washington.edu/safecampus/epic-program/

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. (2023). USCIS Issues Policy Guidance Regarding the 2-Year Foreign Residence Requirement for the J Nonimmigrant Classification. (PA-2023-30). https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/alerts/uscis-issues-policy-guidance-regarding-the-2-year-foreign-residence-requirement-for-the-j#:~:text=The%20J%2D1%20nonimmigrant%20classification,training%2C%20or%20receiving%20graduate%20medical

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. (2024a). H-1B Specialty Occupations. https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. (2024b). Students and Exchange Visitors. https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors

U.S. Congress. (1964). Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-78/pdf/STATUTE-78-Pg241.pdf

U.S. Congress. (1972). Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. 20 U.S.C. §§ 1681-1688. https://www.justice.gov/crt/title-ix-education-amendments-1972

U.S. Congress. (2022). Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2022. S.3623. https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3623

UTSA (University of Texas, San Antonio). (2024). Institutional Memberships. https://graduateschool.utsa.edu/postdoctoral-affairs/institutional-membership.html

Vallier, M., Mueller, M., Alcami, P., Bellucci, G., Grange, M., Lu, Y., X., & Duponchel, S. (2020). Demographics and Employment of Max-Planck Society’s Postdocs. Biorxiv. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.27.399733v1.full

Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.

Vanderbilt University. (2019). Report on the Postdoctoral Fellows Sexual Harassment Report at Vanderbilt University. https://cdn.vanderbilt.edu/vu-URL/wp-content/uploads/sites/300/2023/10/23210335/Post-Doc-Sexual-Harassment-Survey-FINAL-FOR-REVIEW.pdf

Vanderbilt University. (2020). Surveying Faculty and Postdocs about Experiences with Sexual Harassment and Misconduct at the Institution. https://webassets.nationalacademies.org/files/PGA-CWSE-19-P-164/repository/year-1/surveying-faculty-and-postdocs-about-experiences-vanderbilt-university.pdf

Vanderford, N. L., Evans, T. M., Weiss, L. T., Bira, L., & Beltran-Gastelum, J. (2018). Use and effectiveness of the Individual Development Plan among postdoctoral researchers: Findings from a cross-sectional study. F1000Research, 7, 1132. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15610.2

Vincent, B., Scholes, C., Staller, M., Wunderlich, Z., Estrada, J., Park, J., Bragdon, M., Lopez Rivera, F., Biette, K., & DePace, A. (2015). Yearly planning meetings: Individualized development plans aren’t just more paperwork. Molecular Cell, 58(5), 718-721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2015.04.025

Walton, A. G. (2014). To postdoc or not to postdoc? gradPSYCH Magazine, 12(2). https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2014/04/postdoc

Washington University in St. Louis. (2017). Office of the Ombuds Postdoctoral Appointee Services. https://bpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/sites.wustl.edu/dist/0/1166/files/2017/10/OMBU-3900-Postdocs-Brochure-1-1qcr96m.pdf

Washington University in St. Louis. (2018). Office of the Ombuds. https://staffombuds.wustl.edu/

Whitaker v. Kenosha Unified School District, No. 16-3522 (7th Cir. 2017).

Woolston, C. (2020). Postdocs under pressure: ‘Can I even do this any more?’. Nature, 587(7835), 689-692. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-03235-y

Yale University. (2016). Mentoring Opportunities. Office for Postdoctoral Affairs. https://postdocs.yale.edu/current-postdocs/mentoring/mentoring-opportunities

Yale University. (2023). Office for Postdoctoral Affairs - Title IX. https://postdocs.yale.edu/resources/diversity-inclusion/title-ix

Yale University. (2024a). Mentoring Opportunities. https://postdocs.yale.edu/current-postdocs/mentoring/mentoring-opportunities

Yale University. (2024b). Orientation Registration. https://postdocs.yale.edu/postdocs/orientation-registration

Yu, H. H., & Lee, D. (2021). Women and public organization: An examination of mentorship and its effect on reporting workplace discrimination. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 41(2), 274-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371X19880578

Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.
Page 55
Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.
Page 56
Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.
Page 57
Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.
Page 58
Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.
Page 59
Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.
Page 60
Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.
Page 61
Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.
Page 62
Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.
Page 63
Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.
Page 64
Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.
Page 65
Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.
Page 66
Suggested Citation: "References." Gary, S., A. Allison, S. Burton, C. Cuthbert-Martinez, L. J. McKown, and S. Rankin. 2025. Considerations for Supporting Postdoctoral Scholars Experiencing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28852.
Page 67
Next Chapter: Appendix A: Additional Detail on Select Offices of Postdoctoral Affairs
Subscribe to Email from the National Academies
Keep up with all of the activities, publications, and events by subscribing to free updates by email.